The Gray Zone. Crimea: Four Years of Occupation
"The Gray Zone". Crimea: Four Years of Occupation is the annual report known as "The Occupied Crimea under the Sanctions and Blockade in 2014-2018") published by Maidan of Foreign Affairs Charitable Foundation, the BlackSeaNews internet portal and the Black Sea Institute of Strategic Studies.
Authors:
Tetyana Guchakova (Yalta-Kyiv), Andrii Klymenko (Yalta-Kyiv), Olha Korbut (Kyiv), Yurii Smelyanski (Yalta-Kyiv)
Contents
| 1. The Crimea Maritime Sanctions: Summary for 2018 and the Five Years of Occupation 9 | 9 | ||
| The Maritime Transport in Crimea |
9 |
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| The Crimea Maritime Sanctions: A Brief History | 9 | ||
| The 2018 Traits in Crimea | 11 | ||
| How We Conduct Monitoring | 12 | ||
| The 2014-2018 Crimean Maritime Black List Statistics | 13 | ||
| Sanctions and Flags | 13 | ||
| Flag Hunting | 14 | ||
| Voyages to Crimea with a Purposely Disabled AIS transmitter | 18 | ||
| Maritime Sanctions and Shipowners | 20 | ||
| Turkish Maritime Business Losses in Crimea | 22 | ||
| Maritime Exports to and from Crimea | 23 | ||
| The Crimean Grain Export that Violates the Sanctions | 23 | ||
| The Crimean Grain Statistics | 24 | ||
| The Crimean Grain Importers | 24 | ||
| Roadstead Transshipment: Dissolving Crimean Grain in the Russian One | 27 | ||
| The Terminals-Grain Exporters | 27 | ||
| The Crimean Grain Carriers | 28 | ||
| The 2018 Illegal Export of Scrap Metal from the Ports of the Occupied Crimea | 30 | ||
| The Soda Ash Export | 30 | ||
| The Re-export of Liquefied Gas | 31 | ||
| The 2018 Import of llmenite Ore from Turkey to the Occupied Crimea | 32 | ||
| The 2018 Direct Voyages from the Ports of Turkey to the Occupied Crimea | 34 | ||
| Direct Voyages Between the Crimea and Black Sea Ports of NATO Member States | 37 | ||
| Direct Voyages Between Ports of Crimea and Northern Cyprus and Abkhazia | 38 | ||
| Maritime Traffic to Crimea from Ports of the Russian Federation | 38 | ||
| 2. | Russia’s Activities in Regard to the Seized Ukrainian Defense and Other Strategic Enterprises | 40 | |
| Russian Defense Entities that Collaborate with the Seized Crimean Ukroboronprom Enterprises | 40 | ||
| The Sevastopol Defense Industry and its Russian Collaborators | 46 | ||
| 3. | Illegal Voyages to the Occupied Crimea in 2018. The Monitoring Results | 56 | |
| 4. | Appendices to the Section The 2018 Crimea Maritime Sanctions Summary | 63 | |
| Database of Ships that in Violation of the Ukrainian Law and International Sanctions, Entered the Ports of the Occupied Crimean Peninsula Between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2019, Appendix 1 | 64 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Crimean Ports Calls With Turned Off AIS by Vessels Violating the Occupied Territory Regime, Appendix 2 | 92 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Grain Export from Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 3 | 97 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Export of Scrap Metal from the Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 4 | 102 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Export of Soda Ash from the Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 5 | 104 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Re-export of Liquefied Gas from the Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 6 | 105 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Import of the llmenite Ore from Turkey to the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 7 | 106 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services from Turkish Ports to Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 8 | 108 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services from Ports of the Occupied Crimea to Ports of Albania, Appendix 9 | 113 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services Between Ports of the Occupied Crimea and Ports of Bulgaria, Appendix 10 | 114 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services Between Ports of the Occupied Crimea and Ports of Romania, Appendix 11 | 115 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services Between Ports of the Occupied Crimea and Ports of Greece, Appendix 12 | 116 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services Between Ports of the Occupied Crimea and Ports of Unrecognized Abkhazia, Appendix 13 | 117 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services Between Ports of the Occupied Crimea and Ports of Northern Cyprus, Appendix 14 | 118 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services from Port of Temryuk (RF) to Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 15 | 119 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services from Port of Novorossiysk (RF) to Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 16 | 121 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services from Port of Azov (RF) to Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 17 | 123 | ||
| The 2018 Database of Vessels and Ship Owners Engaged in Illegal Transportation Services from Port of Rostov-on-Don (RF) to Ports of the Occupied Crimea, Appendix 18 | 124 | ||
| 5. | Appendices to the Section Illegal Voyages to the Occupied Crimea in 2018. The Monitoring Results | 127 | |
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Germany in 2018. Appendix 19 | 129 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Turkey in 2018. Appendix 20 | 137 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Montenegro in 2018. Appendix 21 | 142 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of France in 2018. Appendix 22 | 144 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Cyprus in 2018. Appendix 23 | 147 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Italy in 2018. Appendix 24 | 151 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Spain in 2018. Appendix 25 | 156 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Austria in 2018. Appendix 26 | 159 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Great Britain in 2018. Appendix 27 | 161 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Czech Republic in 2018. Appendix 28 | 163 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Georgia in 2018. Appendix 29 | 167 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Greece in 2018. Appendix 30 | 169 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Belgium in 2018. Appendix 31 | 171 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Bulgaria in 2018. Appendix 32 | 172 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Croatia in 2018. Appendix 33 | 174 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Denmark in 2018. Appendix 34 | 175 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Estonia in 2018. Appendix 35 | 177 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Finland in 2018. Appendix 36 | 179 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Hungary in 2018. Appendix 37 | 181 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later 5 Occupied Crimea: «Sanctions Violations in 2018. Monitoring Results» Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Ireland in 2018. Appendix 38 | 183 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Portugal in 2018. Appendix 38-1 | 183 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Latvia in 2018. Appendix 39 | 184 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Lithuania in 2018. Appendix 40 | 185 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Norway in 2018. Appendix 41 | 187 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Poland in 2018. Appendix 42 | 188 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Romania in 2018. Appendix 43 | 190 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Slovenia in 2018. Appendix 44 | 191 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of USA in 2018. Appendix 44-1 | 191 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Serbia in 2018. Appendix 45 | 192 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Sweden in 2018. Appendix 46 | 194 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Switzerland in 2018. Appendix 47 | 196 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Slovakia in 2018. Appendix 47-1 | 196 | ||
| The Database of Aircrafts That Had Flown to the Occupied Crimea ‘s Simferopol Airport and Later Performed Passengers Flights to the Airports of Moldova in 2018. Appendix 48 | 197 | ||
| 6. | Appendices to the Section Russia’s Activities in Regard to the Seized Ukrainian Defense and Other Strategic Enterprises | 199 | |
| Companies Connected to the Russia-seized Enterprises of Ukroboronprom. Appendix 49 | 201 | ||
| Activity of the Occupation Authorities in Regard to the Concern UKROBORONPROM Enterprises Seized in Crimea, and RF Legal Entities that Collaborate with Those. Appendix 50 | 207 | ||
| The Proposed Sanction List of the RF Enterprises Active in the Strategic Sector in Sevastopol. Appendix 51 | 230 | ||
| The Activity of the Occupation Authorities in Regard to the Seized Enterprises and Defense Companies of Sevastopol, and RF Legal Entities Collaborating with Those. Appendix 52 | 241 |
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The Crimean Library section on the blackseanews.net website has been created with the support of the European Program of the International Renaissance Foundation. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect the position of the International Renaissance Foundation |
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