Maritime Exports of Russian Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Through its Black Sea Ports: October 2025 Database

The Monitoring Group of BlackSeaNews
and the Black Sea Institute of Strategic Studies

The Monitoring Group of the Black Sea Institute of Strategic Studies and BlackSeaNews, based on the results of its own monitoring (see Table 1), presents a database of seaborne exports of crude oil and petroleum products from Russian ports on the Black and Azov Seas in October 2025.

In total, in October 2025, 221 tankers exported oil and petroleum products from Russian ports. They transported a total of about 16.4 million tons of cargo, including approximately 6.1 million tons (45 tankers) of Russian crude oil, 7.1 million tons of Kazakh CPC crude oil (48 tankers), and 3.2 million tons of Russian petroleum products (128 tankers).

See a detailed analysis in articles in the Russian Blood-Soaked Export section. 

Notes:

a) the Russian Federation exports crude oil and oil products — fuel oil, gas oil and diesel fuel — from the ports of the Black and Azov Seas. The cargo is carried by two different types of vessels — crude oil tankers and oil/chemical (oil product) tankers, respectively. While crude oil tankers are usually very large and in the Black Sea each of them is capable of taking 100 to 150 thousand tons of crude oil, oil product tankers have a much smaller carrying capacity in the 3-5 and 25-30 thousand ton ranges. The monthly ratio of crude oil to oil product exports is approximately 3:1;

b) there are two separate streams of crude oil exported from the Black Sea ports: Russian crude oil — from the ports of Novorossiysk, Taman, Tuapse, the raid transshipment in the Kerch Strait and south of it and crude oil of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) — from a special terminal in the port of Novorossiysk. The latter contains 80% Kazakh oil and 20% oil produced in Kazakhstan by the Russian Lukoil company. Despite the fact that it is transported via the Russian territory, Kazakh oil is currently not subject to sanctions;

c) when showing the crude oil and petroleum product export figures, the tables and diagrams use the deadweight (DWT) indicator — the total carrying capacity of a vessel or the total weight of variable cargo in tons, including that of fuel, lubricating oil, technical and drinking water, passengers with luggage, crew and food. The latter does not significantly affect the overall numbers, since even on tankers with a deadweight of 100-150 thousand tons, the cumulative weight of fuel, water, food and a small crew totals mere hundreds of tons, thus, not altering the analysis results;

d) the report does not take into account the volumes of Russian crude oil and oil products exports to the Romanian and Bulgarian Black Sea ports and raid transshipments. For reference: In July 2022, those exports are estimated at about 3.1 million tons — 1.9 million tons to Romania and 1.2 million to Bulgaria. Of those, Russian crude oil accounts for about 2.4 million tons — 1.4 million tons to Romania and 1.0 million to Bulgaria;

e) for convenience, the tables and diagrams use the term «EU+» that besides the EU member states, also includes the US, the UK and Monaco. Such grouping is justified by the fact that Russia's oil and oil product exports to these countries are very small;

f) the Tanker Database given at the end of the report, uses the "crude oil tanker CPC" identification for tanker that transport crude oil from the Caspian Pipeline Consortium terminal. Tankers transporting crude oil from the Russian Federation are entered as just "crude oil tanker".

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All voyages were made by tankers belonging to shipowners registered in the following countries

• Greece – 71,
• Turkey - 49,
• Russia - 29,
• China - 15,
• UAE - 12,
• India - 9,
• Germany - 7,
• Liberia - 7,
• Azerbaijan - 5,
• Italy - 3,
• Oman - 3,
• Singapore - 2,
• Cyprus - 2,
• Malta - 2,
• Norway - 1,
• Spain - 1,
• Vietnam - 1,
• Seychelles - 1,
• Mauritus - 1.

Note: Where we are talking about tankers with oil products (not crude oil tankers), they may theoretically contain goods that are not prohibited, such as vegetable oil or chemical fertilisers, rather than oil products. In the Russian Federation, port websites have been closed since 24.02.2022, and access to customs databases has also been closed. Therefore, we believe that these are petroleum products, as the volume of exports of vegetable oil and chemical fertilisers is ten times less than diesel or petrol. But sometimes mistakes happen - we become aware of them when shipowners see themselves on our website and send documents about the cargo. Then we remove them from our ‘black lists’.

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Table 1. Tankers Transporting Crude Oil and Petroleum Products from the Russian Black and Azov Seas Ports in October 2025 (database)

Data on shipowners and operators from www.equasis.org

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This publication has been produced with the support of the European Endowment for Democracy (EED). Its contents do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of EED. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in this publication lies entirely with the authors.